Finite Evidence and Universal Propositions :: Ampliative Logic

Finite Evidence and Universal Propositions There is a lot of empirical evidence supporting the proposition '‘All metals expand when heated’. For example on many, many occasions we have observed metals expanding when heated. Because of this large amount of evidence we take the proposition to be true (or highly likely to be true). The proposition '‘All metals expand when heated’ is caled a universal proposition. A universal proposition mentions al things of a certain kind. The proposition '‘Al metals expand when heated’ is about al metals, not just some of them; it is about al pieces of metal, not just some pieces. Any piece of metal, any kind of metal, according to this proposition, wil expand when heated. Now as we have said there is a great deal of evidence supporting this universal proposition; it is not a proposition that many would doubt. But however large the body of evidence supporting this proposition, and whatever the variety, this body of evidence is finite. Our experience is finite, even our colective experience. But the proposition is universal: it refers to al metals, not just this bit or that bit, nor this kind or that kind. Any bit of metal at al, whatever kind, wil expand when heated. This is what the proposition says. The proposition does not just say, only those bits of metal that we have observed, expand when heated. Those bits we have observed, they expand when heated; but the proposition also says, even those bits that we have not observed expand when heated. This is what the '‘al’ means; this is why we cal the proposition universal. The evidence which supports ‘Al metals expand when heated’ is finite. The proposition which draws support from this evidence is universal. How can finite evidence support a universal proposition? A universal proposition, even when supported by evidence, goes wel beyond evidence. There are infinitely many bits of metal. Compared to the many bits of metal in the universe the bits we have observed is only a tiny fraction. How can a tiny fraction support such a large number? When we have no evidence for a proposition we would not take the proposition to be true. When we have only a litle evidence for a proposition we stil would not take it to be true. If we are to take a proposition to be true, or likely to be true, we require a large amount of evidence.

Nowhere in Africa Essay

Migrating to another country is an accepted occurrence nowadays but for people whose relocation was forced by inevitable and untoward reasons, the resettlement appeared to be undesirable. In fact, leaving the place where one was accustomed to and moving into another new and unwelcoming environment is likely to change a person. Hence, such change resulting from involuntary transfer eventually altered one’s perspective and conduct towards oneself thereby also changed his or her family view and the society. Since the condition is expected to happen, the modification however should lean towards the general benefit of the person; thus creating something good out of transferring from one place to another is valuable. It is therefore essential to consider that in order to succeed in escaping a previous cruel environment and settle in a new yet more peaceful place, the perception towards oneself, family and the society must be regarded as encouraging rather than harmful. The said situation is best depicted in a literary work such as the effort made by Stefanie Zweig (2004). In particular, Zweig’s autobiographical â€Å"Nowhere in Africa† effectively exemplified that the migration of German Jewish family in Kenya during the Second World War was regarded by the characters in various ways. Especially notable was the resistance from the wife who, because of the unfamiliarity and discomfort of the new place, altered her view of herself, her family and the new community where she needs to belong. While the Zweig’s book explicitly showed how one resisted the family’s transfer to a totally different setting, it nonetheless manifested in the end how one’s altered view was ultimately corrected. In doing so, the book achieved its very purpose and essence of making the public realize that perspectives are likely to be changed as a result of several grounds such as being a refugee in a totally new and uncultivated place like Kenya. That is, one should regard relocation in a more positive perspective. While resistance is a natural reaction, it is worthy to argue then that it is fundamental for a person to change his or her viewpoint towards oneself, family and the society in a beneficial instead of damaging approach. Altered personal view â€Å"Nowhere in Africa† is attributed to the author’s own experience as member of a family who migrated from Nazi-dominated Germany to Kenya. As such, Zweig created the characters of the Redlich family. While the head of the family, Attorney Walter and daughter Regina tried hard and eventually did not find further conflict in leaving their rich kind of life in Germany to settle in an untamed country like Kenya, it was the wife, Jettel who manifested an intense opposition to her new life (Zweig, 2004). The reality of leaving their once-wealthy and secure life in Germany made Jettel alter her view towards herself. Specifically, the previously well-treated and pampered Jettel refused to accept the reality and need to adjust and eventually settle in Kenya. Such resistance was shown by the wife in a way that she changed how she views herself. From being a former well-off and apparently confident Mrs. Redlich, settling in Kenya made Jettel alter her personal point of view (Zweig, 2004). The transformation in Jettel was showed in the book through how she lost her self-confidence. Jettel resisted the modification in her lifestyle when she evidently opposed every adjustment in all its circumstances. In fact, it became apparent for Jettel that she forgot the fundamental reason why her family left their country. That is, they have to abandon the cruelty of the Nazi regime hence the need to relocate and settle in a safer place like the farm in Kenya. It appeared that Jettel, because of the discomfort of living in Kenya, changed her view towards her need to be secured in an environment outside her country (Sweig, 2004). Ironically, it was Jettel’ personal view which manifested that Kenya is not totally different from Germany. Regardless of her husband’s initial warnings, Jettel expected that living in Kenya will be similar to her life in Frankfurt hence she even looked forward to the new place. She got used to changing her wealthy way of living if only to attain peaceful and safe existence. However, reality struck Jettel especially when she experienced how different it is to live in a totally varying countries. This was proven when her personal view about herself was altered where she stated that Kenya was a â€Å"lovely† place but unfortunately, she â€Å"can never live there† (Zweig, 2004). It was however also apparent that Jettel eventually changed her view of herself as she gradually got used to living in Kenya. As World War II escalated, Jettel ultimately realized the benefit of living far from Germany and right in the peacefulness of Kenya. During the course of the novel, the author showed how Jettel’s view of herself was slowly altered. This condition was done and proven by the fact that Jettel regained her self-assurance and eventually accepted the severe realities yet more peaceful new life in Kenya (Zweig, 2004, p. 93). Altered view towards family The ironies within the book were shown by the author when she presented how Jettel’s view towards her family was changed. If prior to moving to Kenya the Redlich family was one in their principle and desire, the realities of living in Kenya made Jettel change her relationship with her husband and daughter (Zweig, 2004). Jettel previously viewed herself as a submissive wife to Walter hence her support and acceptance of their transfer from Germany to Kenya. However, as the war increased and various events have taken place, Jettel turned herself into becoming an aggressive wife whose views are strongly manifested. Such alteration in Jettel’s view of herself resulted into constant fighting between the couple and even conflict with her only child (Zweig, 2004). Further conflicts aggravated the relationship within the family. If Jettel previously resisted living in Kenya but as her view of herself was modified throughout the novel, so is the relationship with Walter and Regina. The personal transformation became more evident when Jettel, who used to be unable to stand and live nowhere in Kenya, asserted and opted to remain in Africa as her husband, wanted to return to Germany (Zweig, 2004, p. 267). Altered view towards society Not only did Jettel showed how she changed hew view of herself but also that of her perception towards the two societies which is that of Germany and Kenya. As Jettel previously viewed herself as straight follower to her native country, the cruelty of the Nazi regime and the hostilities in the country made her change her perspective. This is because she eventually saw and attested to the uncontrollable violence in Germany that posed harm to her family (Zweig, 2004). Hence, as Jettel’s view towards Germany diminished, she hanged on to her and her family’s need to survive. Such situation, in turn, made Jettel’s view of Kenya to be altered as she eventually accepted that despite the harsh realities of living in Africa, it is still the more logical thing to do. While Jettel previously viewed Kenya as a place where she can never settle, her changed personal idea about the country made her realize that living in Africa is just like paving the way for the clashing of two existing worlds where civilized European people can eventually live in an undomesticated yet safer place like Kenya (Zweig, 2004). Conclusion â€Å"Nowhere in Africa† is a concrete proof which showed how and why one of its characters altered her view of herself as well as towards her family and the society. Through the personality and characteristics of Jettel, the book effectively manifested that one’s perspectives are indeed likely to be changed. This condition particularly holds true when one’s safety and decent way of living are to be considered. For Jettel, her altered view of herself, family and the countries of Germany and Kenya clearly depicted that in time of turmoil, circumstances will lead one to change her principle and practices. Reference Zweig, S. (2004). Nowhere in Africa: An Autobiographical Novel. Wisconsin: Terrace Books.

How to Write an Essay in MLA Format

How to Write an Essay in MLA Format How to Write an Essay in MLA Format MLA is a type of research essay that is usually written in colleges. MLA stands for Modern Language Association and has strict rules not only for the context, but also for the technical organization of the essay. The technical requirements for writing an MLA essay format are the following: The pages must have 1-inch margins. The text should be double spaced with 12-point font usually Times New Roman including quotations and notes. Different paragraphs must be separated with half an inch. The first page (the header) is slightly different from the rest of the paper. The name of the student is placed in the upper left corner. Below there is the instructor/professor’s name, followed by the name of the specific course and the date. The title of the MLA essay is located on top and centered. A separate title page is not required. The page numbers are placed on top, in the upper right hand side. An outline is optional. Here is an example how the page should look like: Adam Smith Professor Jonson English Literature 17 February 2015 Advantages and disadvantages of writing an MLA Essay There are many advantages in being capable of writing essays. First you can express your thoughts, making them reachable for bigger audience. Writing an essay can be a creative experience which will help analyze a specific problem and your opinion on it. Disadvantages of writing essays exist only if you write an essay that lacks logic and proper organization. You should feel free to write and experiment expressing your own thought but do not forget to research your thesis thoroughly, the technical parameters of the essay and read your instructor notes. How to write an essay in MLA format Writing an essay in MLA format is similar to writing any other type of essay. The basic structure of the MLA essay is: introduction, body of the essay and conclusion. Introduction of MLA essay The introduction is the first paragraph of the essay. In it you introduce to the audience the topic you are going to write about. The tone and the thesis given in the introduction should set the context of the whole essay. You should explain to the audience why you are going to write on that specific thesis, what makes it interesting for you and what is your overall opinion and attitude on it. The length of the introductory paragraph will depend on your instructor’s notes. Usually the last sentence in the introduction is the thesis of the essay. It is precisely the thesis that you have to support through the whole essay. Body of MLA essay The body of the MLA essay consists of transition, topic sentence, evidence and brief summary of everything written in the body so far. In order to write a good essay you should research the thesis well and draft your essay in advance. You can use quotes to support your thesis and when you use quotes in the MLA essay format do follow the rules for proper quotation. Use transition between paragraphs in order for the essay to sound organized and well written. In its essence the MLA essay is just like any other research paper. So follow the rules you already know, research the thesis thoroughly, make the draft and start writing. Conclusion of MLA essay It is a general rule for the conclusions of the essays to be strong and convincing. The conclusion usually sums up everything you have written so far for one last time. The sentences of the conclusion should be strong and clear. You should leave an impression that everything said so far is reasonable and trustworthy and the subject is coming to a closure. Always proofread your essays at least once in order to remove any grammatical and contextual mistakes that you may have made. You can also ask a friend for his/ her opinion by giving him or her the essay to read in advance prior to submitting it to your instructor.

Informative Essay Topics

Informative Essay Topics An informative essay is a specific kind of writing that focuses on giving information that may be interesting and useful for readers. The audience wants to gain priceless knowledge from an informative essay sample. Hence, the student must make a considerable contribution to the development of the main idea. There are many topics and useful tips to start the process. First of all, the chosen subject must be focused and meaningful. Secondly, the key to the creation of a successful essay is personal interest as well as the performer’s desire to share insights. Possible Informative Essay Topics 1. The Opioid Epidemic in Florida In the U.S. media, the information about the opioid epidemic in Florida appears frequently. This topic is interesting to analyze in the social context. For example, a student may explore causes, scopes, and problems effects on society. Besides, the essay should present relevant data and discuss government reactions to the issue. â€Å"Opioid Overdose Deaths and Florida’s Crackdown on Pill Mills† by Kennedy-Hendricks et al. is a valuable source; articles from credible news agencies, such as NPR and others, may be helpful as well. 2. How Deaf People Talk with Emotion Unfortunately, deafness is a serious health disorder that affects the ability to hear any sounds. It can be interesting for people who are working in this area. It is important to include the studies of the psychologists that proved that deaf people express their emotions by gesticulation. The student can mention facial emotion as it is a key element for individuals with such disorders. This source â€Å"The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education† may be extremely helpful. 3. Women’s Rights in Saudi Arabia Women in Saudi Arabia are very limited in their actions. They are forbidden to do the most common things. The reason lies in cultural differences. This topic is interesting because the majority of women from other nations do not have such restrictions. The student may mention the reasons why Arabian women cannot participate in activism, and why they are not allowed to make any decisions without their husbands. Besides, it will be informative to write about reforms that were applied to Saudi Arabia women. The credible source â€Å"Torture, reform and womens rights in Saudi Arabia† by Hana Al-Khamri can be analyzed. 4. Anorexia Nervosa Cases among Young Girls Nowadays, it has become popular to follow the lifestyle of Instagram girls and models who are extremely slim. Anorexia Nervosa is a serious disorder connected with regular eating. This theme must be actual because Anorexia Nervosa is the problem of the modern generation. The student must note the main features of this chronic disorder. The NCBI informs that one teenager had a powerful fear of obesity and becoming fat that she began to suffer from anorexia. The writer can properly describe this case and do thorough research on Anorexia Nervosa by NCBI can be prompt. 5. The Pros and Cons of Teaching Students Three Languages in School Nowadays, the majority of schools have a difficult education system that includes several foreign languages. This topic can help people confirm or even change their opinion regarding the theme. The brain of school student cannot withstand a lot of mental stresses. It means that all moments must be properly analyzed in order not to harm a student. There are many studies about the Multilingual Childrens Association, and Veronica Hunt perfectly describes one of them. 6. Europe Architecture Style European architectural style can be recognized immediately, as it is extremely rational and practical. The studies that analyze this style may bring many positive emotions and aesthetic pleasure. This style was formed by the connection of particular places and time of their building. Also, the European style needs many decorations and the article â€Å"10 Key Architecture Styles And Their Defining Characteristics† can be a perfect source regarding this topic. 7. Is FBI Useful against Criminal Authorities? Of course, the FBI is a powerful organization, and it is useful against criminal authorities. Many people are deeply interested in the process of its work. The student may include many investigations and cases when the FBI successfully solved the crime. However, according to the mass shooting and kills in different corners of the world, it was proved that the FBI is not as influential as it was in the past. Unfortunately, many serious criminal cases were missed, and the FBI announced many false statements. The article â€Å"How the FBI Works† by Ed Grabianowski can be helpful for writing. 8. Diabetes and Its Treatment Diabetes is a common non-infectious chronic disease. The student must tell about the signs of the disease and its stages. For example, in the first stages, the patient may not feel serious ailment, except for increased fatigue, dry mouth, increased thirst, and appetite. Diabetes is a disease that requires long and persistent therapy. The student should focus on the techniques that are divided into three groups: taking medication, diet, and changing lifestyle. Ebenezer A. Nyenwe in her article â€Å"Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Evolving Strategies for the Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes† demonstrated priceless knowledge that can be helpful. 9. The Role of Libraries in the Digital Age This era is famous for digital availability. However, the role of libraries must not be neglected because libraries are the history and carry a historical moment. This informative essay topic is interesting and educational because very often, people compare books and online reading. Many years ago, society got intellectual resources from books sitting in libraries. Hence, they must be thankful for the priceless knowledge and places that help society made considerable technological improvements. The role of libraries in the digital age is highly appreciated even though libraries are not in great demand. The website Debating Europe, and the post â€Å"What Is the Role of Libraries in the Digital Age?† can be used during writing. 10. The Significance of Recycling Waste Materials The topic is interesting because the issue of recycling is of global importance. It is necessary to find all the new methods of replenishing or replacing consumed resources in order to preserve the ecological system. Besides, the importance of waste management has both environmental and resource-saving reasons. Many materials in nature are limited, and their time for their completion considerably exceeds the lifetimes of several generations of people. The accumulation of waste pollutes the environment. The website Ecomena can be helpful. 11. Hypnosis and Its Common Use Hypnosis is a temporary state of consciousness characterized by narrowing its volume and sharp focus on the content of suggestion, which is associated with a change in the function of individual control and self-consciousness. The topic is interesting enough as there are many exciting and fantastic information regarding it. The student may describe the state of hypnosis, and when it occurs. The article â€Å"What Is Hypnosis?† by Kendra Cherry may be used during writing. 12. Effective Stress Relief Techniques Oriental practitioners teach: If you want to get rid of sadness, move 27 things in the house. It is believed that it frees space for energy, which can smoothly slide in the right direction. Try this method, and make sure that it helps the brain to switch, get away from problems, and relax. The article â€Å"Best Stress Relievers for All Types of People† by Elizabeth Scott can be helpful as it includes priceless knowledge of the writer. 13. The Christian Attitude Towards Tattoo People need to determine whether they can ask God sincerely, with a clear conscience, to bless and use their actions for their purposes. Nowadays, this topic is widely discussed all over the world. The student may include information about important principles with regard to issues that the Bible does not specifically address. If there is the slightest doubt in human actions, it is better to abandon them in order to be God blessed. The article â€Å"Learn What the Bible Says about Tattoos† by Mary Fairchild brightly describes the main points about Christian attitude towards the tattoo. 14. About Procrastination and How to Overcome It Very often, people postpone important things. Also, they are unable to explain why they are doing this. After that, individuals are tormented by feelings of guilt because of the torn deadlines and the fact that someone has been let down again. The topic can be useful for students because it can improve their productivity. The author of the book â€Å"Beat Procrastination† was convinced of the perfidy of procrastination, comprehensively studied the problem, determined the causes of its occurrence, and suggested several simple and effective ways of dealing with it. 15. Pros and Cons of Gun Control Legislation The majority of the mass shootings in the USA are done with the legally bought weapon. The rate of violence will be increased due to gun control. At the same time, gun control legislation will make people sell the weapon on the black market. This theme can be interesting for many readers because there are many controversial moments. The article â€Å"Pros and Cons of Gun Control Laws in the US† by Paul Goodman can be helpful. 16. The Importance of Business Strategy Business strategy is an essential element of any developing organization. It allows the company to grow economically and concentrate on the real needs of the company. Business strategy is a powerful tool that helps an organization to reach long-term profits. The topic can be interesting as it covers a lot of important business information. The student may be focused on various business strategy, and find the most appropriate for oneself. Mendoza College of Business introduces the importance of a good business strategy for any organization. 17. About the Gaming Industry The gaming industry was actively developing after the technical revolution. The modern generation is interested in this area, and a student may use various resources while writing an essay. The development of computer games has become a whole industry with a lot of directions. Moreover, the number of fans of digital entertainment are millions. Besides, there are numerous competitions in cybersport that are held, and this trend continues to grow. The CEO of Cobx Gaming shared credible information in his article â€Å"The Future of Gaming Industry.† 18. The Role of Formal Education in Building a Successful Career This particular topic is extremely important for understanding among the current generation. Formal education is an essential attribute of a modern individual because it gives significant opportunities for building a successful career. Formal education gives a priceless basis required for future development including professional area. The student may use different studies that proved the importance of formal education. For instance, the article â€Å"Formal Education Is Important† by Ratna Komala Dewi can be helpful. 19. National Parks and Their Importance The majority of people deeply admire the beauty of nature. There are many fantastic National Parks all over the world. The student may describe the rare animals as well as plants that are protected there. Besides, National Parks provide them with complete safety. Both the water and air are absolutely clean there. The NPA website and â€Å"Why Are National Parks Important† post can be used while writing an essay. 20. About Starbucks Coffee Marketing Strategies Starbucks coffee is known all over the world. However, not everyone knows about the structure of this company. Hence, the student may include such information into an essay. Starbucks Company follows a mix of several marketing strategies. Such an approach makes Starbucks extremely successful and profitable. The mix of marketing aspects allows the company to experience the most appropriate managing way. The article â€Å"Marketing Strategy of Starbucks† by Hitesh Bhasin may be applied to this topic. Overall, informative essay educates readers on the described topic. The leading purpose of an informative essay is to present and respond to the main idea of the writing. As a rule, an informative essay can define the suggested term or show the significance of the raised idea. The structure of information essay is traditional; thus, a student should remember about an introduction, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion.

The Spanish Expansion essays

The Spanish Expansion essays On February 8, 1517 Francisco de Cordoba set sail from Cuba with 110 ships full of men to investigate the new world in search of riches and glory. Twenty-one days after their departure Cordobas men found a small Mayan town. The natives fought a brief but bloody battle with the Spaniards and were defeated. This was but the beginning of the Spanish conquest of Mexico. Two years after the first expedition by Cordoba, Hernando Cortes left from Trinidad for Mexico with six hundred and eight able-bodied troops. His goal was to explore the land and record the happenings of his travels. Cortess first contact was on March 12, 1519, when he and his men engaged the Tabascan natives that inhabited the land near the entrance to the Grijalva River. This encounter was brought before the emperor of the entire land of modern day Mexico, Montezuma. Though Montezuma was interested on the newcomers, he would not allow them to visit his royal palace. Throughout the campaign that followed Cortes dealt with two insurrections and a party of Spaniards sent from Cuba to deal with the reckless leader. After several battles, the worst of which was later called la noche triste or the woeful night, where more than four hundred and fifty men. After many more battles Cortes conquered the capitol city of Tenochtitlan and all of the Aztec Empire. This woeful slaughter and pillaging brought to the end of the civilization known as the Greeks of the Western Hemisphere. This topic has always been one of great interest to me because it teaches of the beginning of the exploitation of the new world and because it is one of the few contemporary conquests that did not involve violence on European soil. The knowledge and wealth of the Aztec civilization is a wonder within its own age due to the architecture and grandeur of its capitol city Tenochtitlan alone. The idea of an entire city floating on a lake was not even dreamed of in Europe at that time. At t...

What I learned IN and OUTSIDE of college Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What I learned IN and OUTSIDE of college - Essay Example Professionally, college has prepared me by equipping me with some of the important aspects of my professional life. First and for most it has provided me with the basic skills I need for my professional life. Communication skills’, being one of the basics and the strongest points of education is effectively instilled in me. All college programs requires’ students to undertake at least communication and speech work courses (Upcraft, John, Gardner and Betsy 4). These two skills provides’ the ability for one to effectively communicate and enhances one public speaking abilities. In any job opportunity, communication and speech work is highly demanded. Every boss like workers who can listen to instructions, communicate effectively to co-workers and have presentations effectively without misinformation. All these abilities are in communication skills and speech work, learnt in college thus puts meaning and value to college. Another vital skill enhanced by colleges is writing abilities. College programs require students to write cover letters, essays, and perform arithmetic, which are all important. It would be difficult to write work that is presentable to my boss, which is a requirement for any job. Presentable work needs to be in a logical sequence that can easily be followed and understood, thus without college one would write with the basic writing skills, but without the logical order making communication through writing to be difficult. In addition, while in college one is able to specialize in the field of interest. This provides one with the opportunity to master the trade, thus, enhances ones performance abilities and increases productivity. Subsequently, college has enhanced my social abilities. While in college, many tasks are through group work projects. This has enhanced my social life as it has allowed me to interact with my group members and add value to them, thus

Public Health Leadership Intervention for Teen Dating Violence Research Paper

Public Health Leadership Intervention for Teen Dating Violence - Research Paper Example One particular rite of passage for this age group involves the social institution of dating. In such a setting, teenagers are alone and often vulnerable. As such, teen-dating violence has become a problem in many segments of society, and is also one that is commonly overlooked or ignored. Mayes (2008) contends that, â€Å"Teen dating violence is a common and often overlooked problem in schools† (p. 37). It is important, therefore, that public health professionals, including medical doctors and psychologists, understand the implications of this problem and work to take measures to provide adolescents with the tools and resources needed to minimize their chances of becoming a victim. While there is much work to be done in this area, many studies have been conducted that take an in-depth look at effective intervention strategies aimed at reducing teen dating violence. What follows is a review of various published material that examines just this. Problem Statement The problem is that the incidences of teen dating violence are on the increase and public health professionals are ill equipped to intervene and reduce the number of victims in their community. Review of Scholarly Literature It must be noted that violence amongst teenagers in a relationship is a common problem and is growing into a serious health concern. It is estimated that about 9% of adolescents experience some form of physical violence during a dating relationship every year (Jouriles, et. al, 2011, p. 302). This leads us to the conclusion that the rate might even be higher, as many communities under report such incidences. Violence that takes place in a dating relationship can be severe. The consequences are certainly evident in the short-term, but the long-term effects can be even more devastating. These consequences include, but are certainly not limited to, serious physical injuries, rape, and death. Studies have also shown that even playful innuendos, such as sexual coercion, undertaken by one partner in a relationship, can have disastrous long-term consequences on the victim and threaten their very psychological well-being. For these reasons alone, it is important for medical practitioners, and other concerned stakeholders, to understand the events that lead to teen-dating violence and to make it a societal goal to reduce such incidences. Dating violence is often condoned because one party believes that they deserved the action that was forced upon them. This is a type of victimization syndrome that has pervaded society for centuries. Maas, et. al., notes, â€Å"Teen dating violence is a prevalent form of youth violence that has gained increasing attention from researchers† (2010, p. 131). A further study of female students in the 9th-12th grades revealed that 20% were victims of physical or sexual abuse in dating relationships. This is alarming and indicates with near certainty that many cases are simply going unreported. Studies also show that more girls than boys are victims and that there are more cases of violent behavior in dating relationships in urban areas and in rural communities (Fredland, 2008, p. 95). Weisz and Black (2009) recently concluded a thorough examination of effective intervention strategies aimed at reducing the number of incidences of teen dating violence. During the course of their study, they discovered that teens are not likely to discuss dating